Grammar
二、教学内容：9B Unit 1 Life on Mars
三、课型：Grammar
四、教学目标
1. 知识目标
1) 掌握can, could和may, might的用法。
2) 掌握that, if或whether引导的宾语从句的用法。
2. 能力目标
1 ) 能够运用can, could和may, might来具体表示请求或给予许可。
2) 能够运用that, if和whether引导的宾语从句转述信息。
五、教学重难点
1.重点:
1)can, could 和may, might的礼貌程度上的区别。
2)宾语从句that, if/whether的构成及用法。
2.难点:
if 或whether引导的宾语从句的语序。
第二部分 教学流程
用时：18分钟
Step 1 Lead-in 用时：分钟
(出镜)
T: Hello, everyone! Glad to see you again. Today we are going to learn ’can, could, may, might’ and the object clauses introduced by ‘that ‘, ‘if/ whether’.
(大家好！很高兴又和大家见面了！今天我们一起来学习can, could , may, might的用法和that, if/whether引导的宾语从句.)
T: First let’s look at Grammar A and learn how to use ‘can, could , may, might ‘.
Step 2 Grammar A Using ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’, ‘might’ ( PPT )
T ：Now he’s asking other people for permission .Look at the questions and pay attention to the model verbs he uses when he wants to ask for permission from different people. (PPT )
Kitty, can I borrow your dictionary?
Mr. Green, could I ask you some questions please?
Excuse me , sir. May I have a look at the name of your book?
T: Can you tell me the differences between the three sentences : (PPT)
T: --- In the 1st sentence, /// Simon uses ‘can’ to ask his friend Kitty a question because it’s informal. ‘can’ is always used with friends.(在第一句中, Simon用情态动词’can’提问他朋友Kitty，因为这通常用于朋友之间的非正式 场合。)
--- In the 2nd sentence, ///Simon uses “could’ to ask his teacher Mr. Wu a question because it’s formal. “could” is always used with teachers or other adults.( 在第二句中，Simon用情态动词’could’提问他老师’Mr Wu’，因为这通常用于教师和其他成年人之间的正式场合。)
--- in the 3rd sentence, ///Simon uses “may’ to ask a stranger a question because it’s formal and polite. “may” is always used with strangers and people you respect. (在第三句中，Simon用情态动词’may’提问陌生人，因为这通常用于陌生人和你尊重的人之间的正式而礼貌的场合。 )
--- Here pay more attention to “might” . Might is very formal and it’s very polite but rarely used.
(注意：‘might’ 的用法既正式又礼貌， 但是实际生活中很少使用。)
eg: Might I use your computer , Mr. Wu?
※ They all express permission.（他们都用于表示请求和允许。）
T: OK. Let’s do some exercises. (PPT)
T: Let’s check the answers.
1 Dad, could I take your c amera?
Yes, you can . ( It’s formal. )
2 May I borrow this helmet, madam?
No, you may not . ( It’s formal and polite.)
3 Can I borrow your boots, Mike?
Yes, you can. ( It’s informal.)
T: Can you give me the answers to these questions about ‘can, could, may , might’ ? (PPT)
1 Can / Could you go to the zoo tomorrow?
---- We can answer : --Yes, you can . or No, you cannot/ can’t.
2 May/ Might I use your computer , Mr Wu?
---- We can answer : --Yes, you may. or No, you may not/ can’t .
T: Here ‘could , might’ do not mean ‘the past tense’, but mean ‘more polite’.
(这儿的“could , might “ 不是表示过去时，而是表示更委婉的语气。)
T: Now please write sentences to ask for permission in the following situations. (PPT)
look at the 1st Situation
If you are on a bus and the person in front of you has the window open and It starts to rain and you’re getting wet. How do you ask him for permission?
--- We can ask : May I close the window? Because it’s formal and polite to use ‘may’ when we ask a stranger on the bus for permission.
T: Look at the2nd Situation
I f your cousin is watching a boring programme on TV. What do you say to ask her to change the channel.
T: We can say: ----Can I change the channel? Because it’s informal to use ‘can’ to ask friends for permission.
T: Look at the 3rd Situation
If your uncle and aunt have invited you t o join them in a walk in the park and you want to take your dog with you.///
What do you say then?
-- That’s right . We can say : ‘Could I bring my dog?’ Because it’s formal to use ‘could’to ask adults for permission.
Step 3 The Object clauses introduce d by ‘that’
T: Look at Grammar B .Let’s learn ‘that ‘ clause (下面我们来学习that 引导的宾语从句。) (PPT)
1) Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.
What does Daniel think ?
-- -Daniel thinks that Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.
2 ) People w ill live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.
What does Daniel think?
---Good . Daniel thinks that people will live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.
3) The robot will do most of the work.
What does Daniel think?
---Yes, Daniel thinks that the robot will do most of the work.
T: Now can you put these two sentences with ‘that’ ?
T: Let’s do some exercises. …Have you finished? Now let’s check the answers.
1) He’ll be back in a month.
(I hear…)
--I hear ( that ) he will be back in a month.
2) I have been to the Great Wall once.
(He tells me…)
-- He tells me ( that ) he has been to the Great Wall once.
T: OK . Can you find out the rules about Object clauses introduced by‘that’?(PPT)
(那么你能总结- that连接的宾语从句的规则吗? )
Tips
1 We can use ‘that’clause to replace an object after the verb in a sentence.（我们可以用that从句来代替一个宾语连接跟在动词后面做宾语。）
2 The word order in the object clause is just the same as that in the statement.（从句中语序保持不变。）
3 Sometimes we can leave the connective“that”out in the object clause.
（有时连接词that也可以省略不用。）
T: It seems terribly easy for you, right? Let’s do more practice. Can you join the following sentences with object clauses introduced by ‘that’? (PPT)[来源:Zxxk.Com]
1 ) People think…
Humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
-- People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
2 ) Some scientists don’t believe…
The journey to Mars will be very comfortable.
-- Some scientists don’t believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.
T: Can you find out the object clauses in the following sentences. Write an “ O “ for an object clause and an “ N” for a sentence without one. (PPT)
(你能在下列句中找出宾语从句吗?是的话用O表示,不是的用N)[来源:Zxxk.Com]
1 )These plants will produce food and oxygen that we need.
2 ) Scientists should be able to develop plants that grow on Mars.
3)People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
4 )We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.
5) The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.
6) Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.
T: Let’s check the answers together now.[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]
1 )These plants will produce food and oxygen that we need.
--- Here ‘that we need’ is not an object clause because it’s not after a verb. So it’s N.
（在这句中‘ that we need’ 不是宾语从句，因为它不在动词后面。）
2 ) Scientists should be able to develop plants that grow on Mars.
---Here ‘that grow on Mars’ is not an object clause because it’s not after a verb. So it’s N .
（在这句中‘that grow on Mars’不是宾语从句，因为它不在动词后面。）
3) People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
---Here ‘that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier’is an object clause after the verb“think.So it’s O.
（在这句中‘that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier’是宾语从句，因为它在动词“think’后面。）
4 )We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system. [来源:Zxxk.Com]
---Here ‘that Mars is a planet in the solar system’ is an object clause because it’s after the verb ‘know’ .So it’s O.
（在这句中’that Mars is a planet in the solar system’是宾语从句，因为它在动词后面‘know’。）
5) The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.
---Here ‘that travel at half the speed of light’ is not an object clause bec ause it’s not after a verb. So it’s O.
（在这句中‘that travel at half the speed of light’不是宾语从句，因为它不在动词后面。）
6) Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.
---Here ‘that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable’ is an object clause because it’s after the verb ‘believe’. So it’s O.
（在这句中‘ that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable’是宾语从句，因为它在动词‘ believe’后面。）
Step 4 The Object clauses introduced by ‘if ‘or ‘whether’ (PPT)
T: Now let’s learn the Object clauses introduced by ‘if ‘or ‘whether’.
T: Daniel has learned a lot about living on Mars. But he’s still worrying about something . Look at his worries.
1 ) Could the plants produce enough water?
--- Daniel is not sure if / whether the planets could produce enough water.
2) Are there any aliens on Mars?
----Daniel is not sure if / whether there are any aliens on Mars.
3) Are animals on Mars dangerous?
--- Daniel is not sure if / whether animals on Mars dangerous.
T: Let’s do more practice together. (PPT)
1 ) Does he live in that house? ( She asks me …)
--- She asks me if/ whether he lives in that house.
2) Have you finished your homework? ( I want to know…)
---- I want to know if /whether you have finished your homework.
T: Can you work out the rules yourselves? (PPT)
Tips
1 We can use‘if’ or‘whether’to introduce an object clause when it expresses a ‘yes / no’question.(我们可以用‘if’ 或 ‘whether’引导一般疑问句。)
2 The word order in the object clause is just the same as that in the statement. (宾语从句应该用陈述语序。）
T：Boys and girls , please look at some other exercises----put the two parts into the object clauses using ‘if’ or ‘whether’? (PPT)
1 )Will transport on Mars be much better than on Earth?
Are you certain________________________________?
2 ) Is gravity a problem for the early settlers on Mars?
Can you tell me________________________________?
3 ) Does it take very long to travel from Earth to Mars?
Do you know __________________________________?
4) Are many people going to move to Mars?
Can you tell me _________________________________?
5 )Did the USA send a space robot onto Mars last year?
Do you know__________________________________?
Keys:
1 Are you certain if / whether transport on Mars will be much better than on Earth ?
2 Can you tell me if / whether gravity is a problem for the early settlers on Mars
3 Do you know if / whether it takes very long to travel from Earth to Mars
4 Can you tell me if / whether many people are going to move to Mars
5 Do you know if / whether the USA sent a space robot onto Mars last year
T: Now we’ve learned about the object clauses introduced by ‘that’ and the object clauses introduced by ‘if’ or ‘whether’. Can you tell them apart if you are asked to use them in an article ?Try to help Daniel complete the diary using ‘ that’, ‘if ’ or ‘whether’ (PPT)
Dear Diary
Do you believe _____ man will be able to live on the planet Mars in the future? Scientists are working hard to make this dream become true. However, they are still not s ure _________ we could grow plants on Mars. Also many scientists think ____ gravity is a problem to the first settlers. They all agree _____ the journey to Mars will not be comfortable. Therefore I am wondering __________ there will be many people willing to move to Mars.
T: Have you finished yet? Could y ou tell me the answers ?
Keys: 1 that 2 if / whether 3 that 4 that 5 if / whether
( 出镜)
小结
T: 同学们, 今天我们一起学习了用情态动词can, could, may和might表示请求或允许, 以及由that, if/ whether引导的宾语从句。请同学们课后加强训练并正确运用。
T: Goodbye , everyone. See you next time.
Homework
1 Remember the different degrees of formality ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’ and ‘might’.
2 Remember how to use object clauses introduced by ‘that ’, ’if’ or ‘whether’.
3 Finish off the additional exercises.
Additional exercises
A Multiple Choice
1 -- May I go surfing alone this afternoon?
--- No, you ______, it is dangerous.
A may not B can’t C needn’t D don’t
2 – Could I borrow your dictionary?
--- Yes, of course you ________.
A must B need C can D will
3 - – Can you come to my house for supper?
--- ________.
A No, I can’t B I think so
C Sure, I’d love to D I hope I can
B Join the following sentences with object clauses introduced by ‘that’ ,’if’ or ‘whether’.
1. We believe... We will win.
2. I think… He is an honest man.
3. I wonder… Does he study hard?
4. Could you tell me…? Will it rain ?
5. I want to know… Do you come from England?
6. I don’t know… He lives on the same street.
Keys to additional exercises :
A 1 B 2 C 3 C
B
1 We believe that we will win.
2 I think that he is an honest man .
3 I wonder if / whether he studies hard.
4 Could you tell me if / whether it will rain?
5 I want to know if / whether you come from England.
6 I don’t know that he lives on the same street.
说 明
本课时是9B Unit1的Grammar。其中两个语法板块分别介绍了情态动词can，could, may, might的用法以及that和if/whether引导的宾语从句。教师可以设置合适的语言情境来导入这两部分的语法教学。同时结合本单元主题Life on Mars，引导学生通过想象，在特定的情景中来操练、巩固这两部分语法内容。
